Some commenters on this post are clearly not aware of PTX being a part of the CUDA environment. If you know this, you aren’t who I’m trying to inform.

There seems to be some confusion here on what PTX is – it does not bypass the CUDA platform at all. Nor does this diminish NVIDIA’s monopoly here. CUDA is a programming environment for NVIDIA GPUs, but many say CUDA to mean the C/C++ extension in CUDA (CUDA can be thought of as a C/C++ dialect here.) PTX is NVIDIA specific, and sits at a similar level as LLVM’s IR. If anything, DeepSeek is more dependent on NVIDIA than everyone else, since PTX is tightly dependent on their specific GPUs. Things like ZLUDA (effort to run CUDA code on AMD GPUs) won’t work. This is not a feel good story here.

You can look up Eric Hartford on Huggingface for more info.

Basically, somebody removes such restrictions from models, and publishes uncensored ones under the name “Dolphin”. Presumably, an uncensored Deepseek would be called something like “Deepseek R1-dolphin”. The full Deepseek R1 is quite large, and I’m not sure when this will happen yet. But there are other great Dolphin models.

Some models like Meta’s Llama are way too censored to be useful for many completely normal use cases, and the guy is doing God’s work in my opinion.

I liked the UI of Evolution when I used it, but there were some usability issues which made me switch to Thunderbird in the end. There’s a good extension in Thunderbird for markdown support when composing emails, which I could not use on Evolution. And Evolution failed to attach .eml files when I tried that (as opposed to including previous emails inline). But if your email use case is very basic, it should be fine.

I don’t see a fundamental difference, only that “reactionary” is favored more by leftists, and “regressive” more so by liberals. I myself would use the two interchangeably, depending on the preference of the person I’m talking to.

I do not assume that the US will continue to be a reliable trade partner going forward. Your logic works in a world with rational actors, where trade between Europe and the US is desirable. However, with Trump as President, the US is clearly ceasing to be a rational actor. It is desirable for the EU to cut back its dependence on the US. It would be bad for the incoming administration to be in a position to coerce Europe through economic means.

Also, by failing to control its monopolistic enterprises, many US tech companies are trampling over the rights and privacy of EU citizens. It is desirable for us to cultivate homegrown options, rather than continuing to let American megacorps walk all over us. Reducing trade volume is a rational choice, despite the short term economic pains.

There are political arguments for tariffs. I don’t think your economic arguments are likely to persuade too many. In a more rational world, I’d agree with you. And I do very much regret that it has come to this point where I’m in favor of protectionism from the US.