I checked the wiki page, and apparently all of einstein’s work should be puclic domain now. I think most of his papers already were open access or readily available, but now they should be public domain as well.

Sadly, currently the situation is very bad. I was a searxng user till maybe last month, and now you basically can not use it. google returns nothing, ddg rate limits shortly, brave does same, bing and yahoo return random gibberish. startpage, leta and many other frontends return errors.

no problem buddy, must maintain the grind

buddy, are you doing fine? want some one to talk to?

https://knaben.org/ is an aggregator. I dont sail often, but if i do, and i know what i want is not very recent (like made available in last week) then i go there first

tbh, i got the meaning correct in first read only. seemingly, only 1 comma (one before ‘after rescue …’) should fix it, or at least make it better. you could also replace the earlier ‘after plunging’ with who plunged/fell and that will also (arguably) improve readablity.

One piece the manga is great through and through

This is borderline schadenfreude, so I am requesting some other mod to reply.

I am not deleting since if some strict action is taken against the company which helps brazil’s forest, then that would be better.

i beg your pardon for following rudeness, but did you read the above message? I completely trust you that you tasted a mushroom and spat it, to live and tell the story to me, but what you are saying is that a certain mushroom requires a certain amount to kill a person. firstly i do not know how was that number found (as in ingestion or directly shooting it’s extract to blood). when you ingest, you do not absorb anything, and there is a potential that directly exposed will require a lesser critical dose. and beyond that - toxins do not require digestive pathways.

the number is most likely calculated by measuring the amount present in a failed organ (in a dead patient mostly) and scaling to whole body and asking from surrounding folks how much they ate, and then matching with toxin concentration in mushroom. this lethal amount is not same for direct blood stream exposure.

you possibly want to say something like - mushrooms do not have enough to kill you just from touch or chew/spit, but not will. will suggests that there is some specific reason that either mushrooms can not produce enoug toxin to kill you from touch.

I would still stand by my original statment that it is stupid to expose contact or chew/spit. I am not saying you are stupid, I hav willingly tasted/sniffed many chemicals (not safe ones), but that is more of a decision (as in for learning purposes like you did for taste or for fun(that i do mostly)). It does not make that activity safe.

sure, but was anything wrong in second paragraph?

(following comment is long, so natural guess would be that i used a llm to write it - i did not. my poor structure sentence, grammar and spellings should indicate that. So please read it - if you are uninterested, skip the middle section and jump mostly from 3rd last para).

since i clearly do not know mushrooms (or botany for that matter, i have studied biochem moostly at intro level, so that is about it), i looked up mushroom toxicity, and most websites roughly say ‘“generally safe” to touch, but don’t ingest and wash hands’. thing is, these guidelines are said for pretty much anything, since ingestion is the easiest way to go beyond our primary defense (skin). so i tried to look up mechanisms, and found the following article

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11333700/

so i am trying to find mechanisms of toxicity which do not specifically require digestion metabolic pathways (you have metabolic processes happening in all cells, so general oxidation and reduction do not count as ingestion specific, as that can happen from topical contact only).

gyromitrin - ‘Toxicosis can result from oral and inhalation exposure.’ so likely getting into bloodstream from lungs. further processes require hydrolysis at low ph, so not happening in blood as is. but if we consider a small amount of hydrolysis, it can still form formaldehyde on oxidation.

also

‘enzyme that is directly inhibited by gyromitrin is the pyridoxal phosphokinase. This enzyme is responsible for dietary vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) conversion into active pyridoxal 5-phosphate (Horowitz et al., 2024[53]). Moreover, in vitro and in vivo, MMH may generate hydrazones with pyridoxal-5-phosphate (Barceloux, 2008[8]). Pyridoxal-5-phosphate is a cofactor for glutamic acid decarboxylase and GABA transaminase in the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthetic pathway, which results in decreased GABA synthesis (Barceloux, 2008[8]). MMH can directly block glutamic acid decarboxylase when given intraperitoneally to rats at a concentration of 0.8 mM/kg, resulting in a further decrease in GABA levels (Medina 1963[71]).’

so gaba (for now, just consider it something required in brain for optimal signalling)(signalling refers to neuron activation here) is disturbed. this is a direct effect, no metabolic activity required.

moving onto - ‘Orellanine is a potent nephrotoxin found in some species of the genus Cortinarius’. nephro means kidney here.

Orellanine toxic pathway is not clear, but none of the proposed methods suggest metabolic pathways, and mostly go like after ingestion of so many grams, so and so amount is found concentrated in kidneys (and since the same compund is found, it mostly got absorbed into blood from intestines, and then filtered by blood.

also ‘Orellanine disrupts LLC-PK1 cell monolayers and inhibits membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase and cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase activity’

moving to Cyclopeptides - Phallotoxins and Amatoxins.

‘Amatoxins are able to inhibit mainly the activity of the RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) and also polymerase III (RNAP III), through α-amanitin and β-amanitin (respectively) (Diaz 2018[27]), resulting in decreases in mRNA content, causing deficient protein synthesis and cell death (Garcia et al., 2015[42]) (Figure 7(Fig. 7)).’

‘α-Amanitin has been shown to act synergistically with cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and this may be the final cause of liver failure.’

then the article goes into antidotes.

point being - all the toxic things (except partly the first one, which would be much slower in one of its pathways) do not require digestive metabolic pathways, just have to reach blood, and then time and amount is key.

Should i say on stuff that I do not have knowledge about - no, mostly. my first comment was mostly written in humor, the way the parent commenter wrote. but then the asked about it in followup, and they guessed it was a joke too. but i still replied and gave a plausible reasoning for my comment, mostly because that is kinda how i like my humor (be at least partially based on reality, and then change it). could i have done a better job? sure, but I do not think i did a gross injustice. most comments that are written are not refering or citing reearch articles. I had heard of how some mushroom toxins work ( i had heard of nephro one sspecifically), so based my response on that. as to where i got that - i dont know, probably some youtube video.

And finally - can you please turn down the sass just a notch. you seemingly were unhappy with my comment (possibly a seasoned forager, or a mushroom toxicology researcher), unhappy enough to downvote both comments. and someone also agreed with you, so they likely have similar knowledge i presume. given these facts, would you like to revisit your comment, or voting. If nothing, at least respond to this comment. I think my ego is fragile enough to reply to a single line comment with 500+ words just so i can say i was write, but i do not like being wrong.

i was trying to be funny. fill redact with paralyse or kill.

I would not recommend chewing (and subsequent spitting) mostly because you do not know (of the top of your head) about the toxic dosage, and it may enter your blood (where if it enters, game over i guess). think some amount of exposed area near your gums, or micro-scissions. Same with picking, maybe you cut your nails recently and have exposed skin (blood will likely help by clottong and blocking) or while foraging, you ran next to a sharp branch or bark and have a deep scratch exposing blood. not likely stuff.

also i do not know much about mushrooms, and likely their toxic nature is completely different from stuff like ivies (poison ivy for example) where just contact on exposed skin can cause immune response (swelling, itching, etc), but maybe (possibly) some mushrooms would have some toxic thing on surface.

some of them are so toxic, just the act of touching or picking them could redact you, so you would not be able to eat it.

(my comment was a /s)

and get this website banned in uk (and some other places) which do not want to comply with uk age related laws?

I genuinely find arch easier to use and more reliable

I know partner, I am a fellow arch btw user.

Only major problem with arch is one of it’s biggest strengths - new packages.

If you have relatively newer hardware, you are likely better using arch than debian, that is possibly what you have encountered

thing with endeavour os or cahy os is that, imo, arch is not a good distro to base upon. I consider them as arch installers with extra features. what you end up with is essentially arch linux (with some additional repositories). often you can get community support from endeavour/cachy os, but a majority of the time, problem is either better reported in arch forums or wiki. and they expect you to know more/better.

I wanted to learn, so i started with arch, but a person who wants a just works distro, i do not recommend arch much.

I mostly agree with you, except for section of (un)/recommending distros.

(my personal bias is for arch and debian, i love them)

for example, I do not think debian is a great recommendation for new users. And imo ubuntu is a good recommendation. Debian does not update often enough, and this can be problematic for users who do not know what packages/package managers are. so if they have a browser version insitalled which is 10 versions behind the current latest, they may lack features or fixes (but security should still be be good as debian does backport security stuff). a new user does not know of backports repo, or using flatpak to install it. also, ubuntu is very famous online, and all problems have been asked for ubuntu. and ubuntu and debian are almost compatible, but in case the end in a gui guide, where they use ubuntu, and have “ubuntu-isms” in their guides, debian user may feel confused.

and between fedora and suse, i would generally recommend fedora more as there are more fedora users so it is more likely to be able to find solutions to problems. as others have recommended, for fedora, one of the better ideas today is to recommend immutable stuff like aurora or kionite or ublue or all other siblings.

and I would also not put mint and pop_os in non recommends. Mint is very famous, and it is a good thing a lot of people recommend it. so many people starting out have a strong option being advertised. I understand your wayland ready worries, but for now, there is no immediate issue to use X if you are not gnome. mint is working hard on wayland, and ypu can experimentally enable wayland, and it partially works. I can easily see them making wayland the default or atleast feature compatible within a year or so. Where as for pop os, you could already use cosmic shell in gnome wayland afaik. and now with actual cosmic de, which is made wayland only, and a major beta release in a month or so means it wayland ready imo. and most likely a stable release by april next year hopefully.

(my comment was mostly joke-y bit)

it’s very easy to have some ingrained racist views

I think part of the reason is that it is at least one part natural pattern recognition. I am from a “diverse” country and more than races, I mostly have region specific biases, of which, we have about 30 to pick from. So yeah, It is big pool to choose from. Naturally living in a diverse nation meant I never looked at people from races being inferior or superior. But at the same time, since I am from a particular region, and since your nature heavily depends on your surrounding, i have region specific things, and I am “region-ist”. Like I do go “people from this religion are very loud” or “timid” or “stupid”. But at the same time, my natural speech is not that harsh, and so even if i have regional preconcieved notions, I am not often hurtful to others.

thing is, models are too big now that vram iis not enough, so first ddr5 prices went to roof, and ddr4 production is simultaneously halting, and is still usable, so leftover ddr4 is also very expensive now

(I am a manga enjoyer)

If I have to choose b/w these 3, i think first is least problematic, so yeah, I must be racist